ANTIMICROBIAL DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLES

专利摘要:
microbicidal disposable absorbent articles. The present invention relates to disposable absorbent articles comprising an absorbent material and a microbicidal composition. the microbicidal composition includes a carrier comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkylenoxy) polymer and a microbicidal agent. the microbicidal composition may be used as a coating on component substrates such as nonwovens and films which are incorporated into disposable absorbent articles such as disposable infant diapers, adult incontinence articles, feminine hygiene articles such as hygienic absorbents, wound covers, bandages, daily protectors and tampons, personal care wipes and household wipes to provide control and odor and microbial growth control.
公开号:BR112013006086B1
申请号:R112013006086-7
申请日:2011-09-13
公开日:2019-06-18
发明作者:David T. Amos；Bathsheba E. Chong Conklin；Alexis S. Statham；Michael J. Svarovsky；Leigh E. Wood
申请人:3M Innovative Properties Company.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“ANTIMICROBIAL DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLES”
Reference to the related application [001] This application claims the benefit of US patent application No. 12/884341, filed on September 17, 2010, the description of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, as a reference.
Technical Field [002] The present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions and disposable absorbent articles, including coatings of the antimicrobial compositions. These disposable absorbent articles are intended to absorb bodily fluids, such as disposable infant diapers, feminine hygiene items, which include sanitary napkins, tampons and panty protectors, adult incontinence products, personal care wipes, wound coverings, bandages, and household cleaning wipes, which include an antimicrobial control material.
Background [003] A wide variety of disposable absorbent articles are known in the art. These include personal absorbent articles used to absorb body fluids such as perspiration, urine, blood and menstruation. Such articles also include disposable household cleaning wipes used to clean typical household leaks or similar fluids. These disposable absorbent articles are formed from thermoplastic polymers in the form of extruded films, foams or, sometimes, woven or non-woven material. A problem with these articles is that they are designed for short-term use, but cannot be discarded immediately, so there is an opportunity for microorganisms to grow before elimination, creating problems with the formation of toxins, irritants or odor.
[004] One of the types of disposable absorbent articles is a piece of
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2/63 disposable absorbent clothing, such as infant diapers or “training pants” (children's underwear with a special thick lining between the legs used in the toilet use training phase), adult incontinence products, feminine hygiene products, such as sanitary napkins and panty protectors, and other products as are well known in the art. The disposable absorbent garment of this type is formed as a composite structure that includes an absorbent assembly arranged between a liquid-permeable lining on the side facing the body and an external liquid-impermeable lining. These components can be combined with other materials and characteristics, such as elastic materials and containment structures to form a product that is specifically suited to the purpose for which it is intended. Tampons for feminine hygiene are also well known and are, in general, constructed of an absorbent set and, at times, an outer wrap of a fluid-permeable material. Personal care cleaning cloths and household cleaning wipes are well known and generally include a substrate material, which can be a woven, knitted or non-woven material, and often contain functional agents, as a solution cleaning and the like.
[005] A problem with these articles is that, once body fluid, or domestic leaks, are absorbed by the articles, several microbes can grow in these articles. A well-known problem with such articles is the generation of unpleasant odors associated with antimicrobial growth and metabolites. For disposable absorbent articles, such as baby diapers, adult incontinence products and feminine hygiene products, the generation of such unpleasant odors can be the source of embarrassment for the user of these products. This can be particularly true for users of adult incontinence and feminine hygiene products. The problem of unpleasant odor generation can include potentially detectable odors while the article is being
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3/63 used and additionally after the article is discarded. In the case of household cleaning wipes, the microbe associated with the generation of unpleasant odor is unwanted and can be embarrassing. In addition, the growth of bacteria and other microbes on such wipes for household cleaning can lead to the unwanted spread of such microbes if the wipe is used subsequent to such antimicrobial growth.
[006] Various solutions for odor control include masking, that is, covering the odor with a perfume, absorbing the odor already present in body fluids and those generated after degradation, or preventing the formation of odors associated with antimicrobial growth. Examples of approaches to control the generation of unpleasant odor by controlling antimicrobial growth include US patent 6,767,508 (Yahiaui et al), which teaches the use of non-woven materials treated with a polyglycoside alkyl surfactant solution to result in a heterogeneous system with bactericidal activity when in contact with an aqueous source of bacteria. As discussed in US patent 6,855,134 (Brooks), the dominant offensive unpleasant odors that result from urine biotransformation and urine decomposition are sulfur compounds and ammonia.
Brief description of the drawings [007] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic process for making a disposable article that has an antimicrobial coating on a surface thereof.
[008] Figure 2 shows a cutout of a disposable article in the form of a filler that has an antimicrobial coating.
[009] Figure 3 illustrates alternative modalities in cross section of disposable articles that have an antimicrobial coating.
Description of the Invention [0010] The present description is directed to a composition
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4/63 antimicrobial, which comprises a vehicle comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer and an antimicrobial agent. Preferably the vehicle is hydrophilic to cause the aqueous fluids to moisten upon exposure or "episode". The present description is additionally directed to disposable absorbent articles, which have a coating of the antimicrobial composition on a surface thereof. In another embodiment, the present description provides a method for preparing such disposable absorbent articles.
[0011] For use in the present invention, the term "absorbent article" refers to a device that absorbs and retains bodily exudates. The term "disposable" is used in the present invention to describe absorbent articles that are not intended to be washed or otherwise restored or reused as an absorbent article after a single use. Examples of disposable absorbent items include feminine hygiene items, such as sanitary napkins, daily pads and tampons, diapers, incontinence briefs, diaper holders, training pants (children's underwear with a special thick lining between the legs used in the toilet training), wound dressing, bandages and the like.
[0012] The antimicrobial composition can be applied as a coating on one or more layers of disposable articles, such as by spraying the molten composition. The melt-processed antimicrobial component is stable before the manufacture of the disposable absorbent article and the final end use providing extended antimicrobial activity. Additionally, when used and exposed to aqueous fluids, the antimicrobial component, at least partially, dissolves helping to release the composition or antimicrobial components of the same in the surrounding environment.
[0013] Desirably, the antimicrobial agents of the antimicrobial composition, when wet, are released into the surrounding environment in which the
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5/63 microbes must be controlled. Antimicrobial agents are released as the vehicle dissolves and / or swells when wet, giving the article a self-disinfecting property. The release of the aliphatic antimicrobial agent can be controlled to adjust the release characteristics of the antimicrobial agent when exposed to moisture. Before use the antimicrobial composition is, in general, dry and is, in general, in a stable form on or on the absorbent article. The release rate in water is about 0.1 to 50 mg / minute.
[0014] Disposable absorbent articles can be composite structures that include an absorbent assembly, such as a fibrous absorbent material, arranged between a liquid-permeable lining on the side facing the body and an external liquid-impermeable coating, so that the antimicrobial composition it can be applied as a coating on a non-woven material or loose fibers that are positioned within the absorbent assembly (for example, distributed within the absorbent volume), on the body facing the side of the absorbent or on the opposite side of the absorbent assembly. Alternatively, the antimicrobial composition can be coated on the liquid-permeable lining on the side facing the body. Alternatively, the antimicrobial composition can be applied as a coating on a film that can be positioned on the liquid impermeable outer coating of the absorbent assembly, or on other layers of the disposable absorbent article. Other absorbent materials include foam-based absorbents and superabsorbent particles.
[0015] When the disposable absorbent article is a tampon, the antimicrobial composition can be applied as a coating on a non-woven material or loose fibers, which are positioned within the absorbent assembly or can be coated on the outer fluid-permeable wrap of the tampon.
[0016] When the disposable absorbent article is a tissue for personal care or home care, the tissue substrate may incorporate the
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6/63 antimicrobial composition. For example, the woven, knitted or non-woven substrate can be made from a mixture of fibers, one of which comprises a coating of the antimicrobial composition. In general, the handkerchief would be formed from a nonwoven, such as by carding or interweaving with a coating of the antimicrobial composition thereof. Alternatively, the fabric or knit fibers could be provided with a coating of the antimicrobial composition.
[0017] Nonwoven blankets, with a coating of the antimicrobial composition, can be prepared through any standard process to directly manufacture nonwoven blankets, which include continuous spinning processes, blown microfiber and nanofiber. In addition, fibers or filaments can be prepared and cut to desired lengths and further processed into non-woven blankets using various known matting processes, such as carding and subsequently coated with the antimicrobial composition. In such cases, the chopped fibers can be mixed with other fibers in the blanket formation process. Alternatively, fibers or filaments could be woven or knitted by themselves or in combination with other fibers.
[0018] In one embodiment, the disposable absorbent article includes a thermoplastic polymer substrate formed by melting and a coating of the antimicrobial composition thereon. In general, the antimicrobial composition is present in more than 1 weight percent with respect to the weight of the thermoplastic polymer. The antimicrobial component comprises a vehicle, preferably hydrophilic, which comprises fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer and an antimicrobial agent. The thermoplastic polymer substrate can be porous, microporous or non-porous.
[0019] Disposable absorbent articles of the invention include dressing
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7/63 for injury, bandages, disposable diapers, adult incontinence wipes or tampons, feminine tampons, hygienic tampons, catamenial tampons, dental tampons, medical tampons, surgical tampons, nasal tampons or wipes (such as personal cleaning wipes or wipes) household cleaning) which are preferably dry before use, but are damp or wet in their end use environment. These disposable absorbent articles are formed using polymeric sheets, natural and polymeric fibers, fabric blankets, mesh blankets, nonwoven blankets, porous membranes, polymeric foams, thermal or adhesive laminates, layered compositions and combinations thereof, including a coating of the antimicrobial component as described above.
Detailed Description of the Invention [0020] For the following defined terms, these definitions should apply, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in the specification.
[0021] The term "antimicrobial" or "antimicrobial activity" means having sufficient antimicrobial activity to kill pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, algae and viruses, prevent the growth / reproduction of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms or control the production of exoproteins, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin.
[0022] The term "sufficient amount" or "effective amount" means the amount of the antimicrobial agent when in a composition, as a whole, it provides an antimicrobial activity (including, for example, antiviral, bactericidal or fungicidal) that reduces, prevents growth of, or eliminates colony forming units for one or more species of microorganisms.
[0023] The term "alkoxy" refers to a group of the formula --OR where R is an alkyl group.
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8/63 [0024] The term "alkyl" refers to a monovalent moiety formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from an alkane. The alkyl may have a linear structure, a branched structure or combinations thereof. A cycloalkyl is a cyclic alkyl and is a subset of an alkyl group.
[0025] The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent portion formed by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms of an alkane. Alkylene may have a linear structure, a branched structure or combinations thereof.
[0026] The terms "aryl" and "arylene" refer to a mono or polyvalent portion of a carbocyclic aromatic compound that has one to five connected rings, multiple fused rings or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the arila group has four rings, three rings, two rings or one ring. For example, the aryl group may be phenyl.
[0027] The term "halo" or "halide" refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine.
[0028] The term "hydrophilic" means that the surface has an affinity for water that causes water droplets to spread in relation to the surface of the article. In general, hydrophilic surfaces have angles of contact with water in advance of less than 70 degrees.
[0029] The term "fatty" means a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkylene portion that has 12 to 22 (odd or even) carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified. The term "fatty alcohol" refers to a straight or branched chain C12 to C22 alkanol.
[0030] The mention of numerical ranges with extremes includes all numbers contained in that range.
[0031] As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms "one", "one", "o" and "a" include references to plurals, except where the content clearly determines otherwise. As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the term “or” is generically
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9/63 used in its sense including “and / or” except where the content clearly determines otherwise.
[0032] The vehicle of the antimicrobial composition comprises a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, which can be mono or difunctional. Functional groups terminating the poly (alkylene oxide) can include non-nucleophilic hydroxy groups, amine groups and alkoxy or alkylamine groups. Preferably, the poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, whether a single polymer or a mixture of polymers, has a melting point above 45 ° C.
[0033] Examples of suitable poly (alkylene oxide) polymers include poly (ethylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide), poly (meth) acrylate (propylene ethylene oxide) and combinations thereof. Such polymers preferably include non-reactive end groups, such as (C1-C4) alkoxy, aryloxy (for example, phenoxy) and (C1-C4) alkylaryloxy. These groups can be linear or branched.
[0034] In some embodiments, the vehicle's poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer comprises a mixture of high and low molecular weight poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer to allow the melting viscosity of the vehicle to be adjusted. In particular, the poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer component can comprise up to about 50% by weight (relative to the vehicle weight) of poly (alkyleneoxy) polymers having molecular weights above 100,000 (Pm). In general, the component poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer may comprise less than 10% by weight (relative to the vehicle weight) of the high molecular weight poly (alkyleneoxy) polymers to achieve a desired melt viscosity. The addition of small proportions of such high molecular weight materials allows adequate melting viscosities, from 100 to 2000 centipoise, and preferably from 500 to 1500 centipoise, to be obtained for the processing temperatures employed in the coating step.
[0035] Suitable poly (alkyleneoxy) polymers include poly (oxide
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10/63 tetramethylene) (available, for example, from Invista, Wichita, Kans., Under the trade name “TERATHANE 2900” (average molecular weight 2,900 g / mol)), polyethylene glycol (available, for example, from Clariant GmbH Functional Chemicals Division, Frankfurt, Germany, under the trade name
POLYGLYKOL 35000 " (Weight molecular numeric medium 35,000 g / mol) POLYGLYKOL 20000 " (Weight molecular numeric medium 20,000 g / mol), POLYGLYKOL 4000S ” (Weight molecular numeric medium 4000 g / mol), POLYGLYKOL 8000S ” (Weight molecular numeric medium 8000 g / mol),
“POLYGLYKOL 1500S” (average numerical molecular weight 1500 g / mol)), CARBOWAX SENTRY (polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400, diol) with Union Carbide, Danbury, CT, USA; PLURONIC L64 (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer, molecular weight 2900, liquid diol) available from BASF, Gurnee, Ill .; PLURONIC F68 (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide block copolymer, molecular weight 8400, solid diol) available from BASF, Gurnee, Ill .; (poly (ethylene glycol -co-propylene glycol), terminal hydroxyl) available from Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis and CARBOWAX 8000 (polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 8000, solid diol) .;
[0036] In these embodiments, where the hydrophilic vehicle will comprise a poly (ethylene oxide) which has an average molecular weight in the range of about 100,000 to about 4,000,000, commercial materials include POLYOX WSR N3000 (average molecular weight 400,000 g / mol), POLYOX WSR N-750 (average numerical molecular weight 300,000 g / mol) and POLYOX WSR-301 (average numerical molecular weight 4,000,000 g / mol), POLYLOX WSR-80 (a polyethylene oxide, molecular weight of 200,000, solid diol) and POLYOX WSRN-10 (a polyethylene oxide, molecular weight 100,000) available from Union Carbide, Danbury, CT, USA; POLYLOX WSR-205 (a polyethylene oxide, molecular weight of 600,000, solid diol), POLYOX WSR N12K which has an average molecular weight of 1,000,000; POLYOX
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11/63
WSR-301 which has an average molecular weight of 4,000,000; POLYOX WSR N60K ”which has an average molecular weight of 2,000,000; all available from Dow Chemical and UCON 75-H-90,000 (a random propylene oxide ethylene oxide copolymer) available from Dow Chemical.
[0037] Other polymers of poly (ethylene oxide) of a wide range of molecular weights are commercially available from sources such as Sartomer Company, Exton, AP .; Shinnakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis .; and Osaka Organic Chemical Ind., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
[0038] The vehicle of the antimicrobial composition additionally comprises a fatty alcohol. For use in the present invention, a "fatty alcohol" is a mono or difunctional alkyl or alkylene alcohol, preferably monofunctional, which has an odd or even number of carbon atoms. The alcohol can be selected from C12-C22 saturated fatty alcohols or a mono or polyunsaturated (C12-C22) fatty alcohol. Preferably fatty alcohol has a melting point of at least 45 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C.
Exemplary fatty alcohols include, but are not limited to, C12C22 fatty alcohols, such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, octyl dodecanol, 2-hexyl decanol and 2-hexyl dodecanol. Preferably, C12-C22 fatty alcohol is a solid under ambient conditions, such as the temperatures to which it is exposed during use.
[0040] Particularly preferred C12-C22 fatty alcohols are stearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol. Cetyl alcohol is safe, non-irritating and is widely used in medicines and cosmetics.
[0041] The antimicrobial composition further comprises an antimicrobial agent (in addition to the vehicle components) to provide antimicrobial activity specifically against gram-negative bacteria, for example Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. For use in the present "antimicrobial" invention
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12/63 refers to evidence by the American Association of Textile and Color Chemists (AATCC) test method 100-2004 (AATCC Technical manual, Vol. 80, 2005, pages 149 to 151) and Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) Z 2801 : 2000 (Japanese Standards Association, 2001, pages 1 to 11). The useful antimicrobial agents are selected to be antimicrobial by each test method, soluble in the application temperature (melting) of the composition in proportions of at least 1%, by weight, and with processable melting at the application temperatures; that is, it does not significantly degrade or react at application temperatures and a solid at room temperature (23 ° C).
[0042] For melt processing, the preferred antimicrobial components have low volatility and do not decompose under melt processing conditions. Preferred antimicrobial components contain less than 2% by weight of water, and more preferably less than 0.10% by weight, as determined by Karl Fischer analysis.
[0043] One or more antimicrobial agents can be used in the antimicrobial compositions at a level suitable to produce the desired antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial agents are typically present in a total amount greater than 1% by weight, preferably in an amount greater than 5% by weight, more preferably in an amount greater than 8% by weight, relative to the total weight antimicrobial composition. In a preferred embodiment, the antimicrobial acid is present in a total amount of no more than 20% by weight, or 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0044] The antimicrobial agent may comprise an organic antimicrobial acid, which includes soluble and stable alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids, other carboxylic acids, including a saturated or unsaturated (C2-C6) alkyl carboxylic acid, a (C6- C16) aryl carboxylic acid, a (C6-C16) aralkyl carboxylic acid,
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13/63 a (C6-C12) alkaryl carboxylic acid or oligomers that degrade to release one of the above organic acids. Examples of such oligomers are oligomers of lactic acid glycolic acid or both that have at least 4 or 6 repeat units. Various combinations of antimicrobial acids can be used if desired.
[0045] Alpha-hydroxy acid, beta-hydroxy acid, and other antimicrobial carboxylic acids are preferably present in their protonated, free acid form. It is not necessary for all antimicrobial acids to be present in the free acid form; however, the preferred concentrations mentioned below refer to the amount present in the free acid form. Although less preferred, the conjugated bases, for example alkali-, alkaline-earth and ammonium salts, can be used as long as they provide a homogeneous mixture with the vehicle. In some embodiments, antimicrobial acids can be replaced with one or more halogen atoms. Non-alpha-hydroxy acid, beta-hydroxy acid or other antimicrobial acids of carboxylic acid can be added to acidify the formulation or soften it to a pH in order to maintain antimicrobial activity. Preferably, the acids that are used have a pKa greater than about 2.5, preferably greater than about 3 and, most preferably, greater than about 3.5.
[0046] An alpha hydroxy acid type of an antimicrobial acid is typically a compound with the following formula:
R ²
R ¹ --CO ₂ H
OH where: R ¹ and R ² are each independently H or a (C1-C8) alkyl group (linear, branched or cyclic), an aryl (C6-C12) or an alkaryl or aralkyl group (C6-C12 ) (where the alkyl group is linear, branched or cyclic), R ¹ and R ² can optionally be substituted by one or more acid groups
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14/63 carboxylic or hydroxy.
Exemplary alpha-hydroxy acids include, but are not limited to, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxy butanoic acid, hydroxy butanoic acid, mandelic acid, glycolic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, alpha- etanoic hydroxy, ascorbic acid, alpha-hydroxy-octanoic acid, and hydroxy caprylic acid, as well as derivatives of these substances (for example, hydroxyl substituted compounds, phenyl groups, phenyl hydroxy groups, alkyl groups, halogens, and combinations thereof) . Preferred alpha-hydroxy acids include lactic acid, glycolic malic acid, and mandelic acid. These acids can be in a D, L or DL form, and can be present as acid-free forms, lactones or partial salts thereof. All of these forms are covered by the term "acid". Preferably, the acids are present in the acid-free form. Other suitable alpha hydroxy acids are described in US Patent No. 5,665,776 (Yu).
[0048] An antimicrobial beta-hydroxy acid is typically a compound represented by the formulas:
where: R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently H or a (C1-C8) alkyl group (cyclic or branched, linear saturated group), aryl (C6-C12) or an alkaryl or aralkyl group (C6 -C12) (where the alkyl group is linear, branched or cyclic), R ³ and R ⁴ can optionally be substituted by one or more carboxylic acid groups; and R ⁶ is H, (C1-C4) alkyl or a halogen.
Exemplary beta-hydroxy acids include, but are not limited to, salicylic acid, beta-hydroxy butanoic acid, tropic acid and tretocyanic acid. In certain preferred embodiments, beta-hydroxy acids useful in the compositions of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of
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15/63 in salicylic acid, beta-hydroxy butanoic acid, and mixtures thereof. Other suitable beta-hydroxy acids are described in US Patent No. 5,665,776.
[0050] Carboxylic acids, in addition to alpha- and beta-carboxylic acids, are also suitable antimicrobial acids. They include alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl carboxylic acids, which are typically equal to or less than 12 carbon atoms. Such a preferential class can be represented by that of the following formula:
R ⁷ -CR ⁸ 2-COOH where: R ⁷ and R ⁸ are each independently H or an alkyl group (C1-C4) (which can be a cyclic, branched or linear group), an aryl group (C6 -C12), a group containing both aryl groups and (C6-C12) alkyl groups (which may be a cyclic, branched or linear group), R ⁷ and R ⁸ can optionally be substituted by one or more acid groups additional carboxylic. The carboxylic acid can be an alkyl carboxylic acid (C2-C6), an aralkyl carboxylic acid (C6-C16) or an alkaryl carboxylic acid (C6-C16). Exemplary acids include, but are not limited to, adipic acids, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzyl acid and nonylbenzoic acid.
[0051] Despite the presence of antimicrobial acid and fatty alcohol in antimicrobial compositions, a small esterification of the components is observed, even when applied from the molten material. It has been observed that less than 1% by weight of ester is observed after aging at 40 ° C for one day.
[0052] Alternatively the antimicrobial agent may comprise cationic amine antimicrobial compounds, which include protonated antimicrobial tertiary amines, biguanidines and small molecule quaternary ammonium compounds.
[0053] Exemplary compounds of molecule quaternary ammonium
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Small 16/63 include benzalkonium chloride and substituted alkyl derivatives thereof, compound of long-chain quaternary ammonium alkyl (C8-C18), cetylpyridinium halides and their derivatives, benzethonium chloride and the substituted alkyl derivatives thereof , octenidine and compatible combinations thereof. Suitable small molecule quaternary ammonium compounds typically comprise one or more groups of quaternary ammonium that have attached to them at least one straight or branched C6 C18 alkyl or arylalkyl chain. Suitable compounds include those described in Lea & Febiger, Chapter 13 by Block, S., Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation, 4th ed, 1991. Exemplary compounds of this class are:. Chlorhexidine gluconate, monoalkyl trimethylammonium salts, salts monoalkyl dimethylbenzylammonium, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, benzethonium chloride, benzethonium halides substituted with alkyl such as methylbenzetonium chloride and octenidine.
[0054] Additional examples of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents are: benzalkonium halides having a C8-C18 alkyl chain length, preferably C12-C16, more preferably a mixture of chain lengths, for example, chloride benzalkonium comprising 40% C12 alkyl chains, 50% C14 alkyl chains and 10% C16 chains (available as Barquat ™ MB-50 from Lonza Group Ltd.); benzalkonium halides substituted by alkyl groups on the phenyl ring (available as Barquat 4250); dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides which have C8-C18 alkyl groups or mixtures of such compounds (available as Bardac 2050, 205M and 2250 available from Lonza); and cetylpyridinium halides, such as cetylpyridinium chloride (available as Cepacol Chloride from Merrell Labs); benzethonium halides and benzethonium halides substituted by alkyls (available as Hyamine ™ 1622 and Hyamine 10X available from Rohm and Haas); Useful protonated tertiary amines have at least one C6-C18 alkyl group.
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17/63 [0055] The antimicrobial agent can comprise a biguanidine, including polybiguanidine, compounds. This class of antimicrobials can be represented by the formula:
R ¹⁰ -NH-C (NH) -NH-C (NH) -NH (CH2) nNHC (NH) -NH-C (NH) -NH-R ¹⁰ , where n = 3-10, preferably 4-8 and, most preferably, 6; and R ¹⁰ = C4C18 straight or branched alkyl chain, optionally substituted in positions available with halogen or C6-C12 aryl or alkaryl optionally substituted in positions available with halogen.
[0056] Biguanidine compounds are even polybiguanides. Compounds of this class are represented by the formula:
XR ¹¹ -NH-C (NH) -NH-C (NH) -NH-R ¹² -NHC (NH) -NH-C (NH) -NH-R ¹³ -X, where R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are alkylene closing groups such as polymethylene groups preferably having C2 to C10, more preferably C4 to Cs groups and most preferably C6 groups. Alkylene groups can be optionally substituted at the available positions by halogens, hydroxyls or phenyl groups. X is a terminal group and is typically an amine, an amine salt or a dicyandiamide group. An exemplary compound in this class is polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) commercially available as Cosmocil ™ CQ from Aveci, Wilmington, DE, USA.
[0057] Specific examples of these compounds include, but are not limited to, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, p-chlorophenyl biguanide, and Aclorobenzidril biguanide. In another aspect of this modality, biguanide compounds include, but are not limited to, halogenated hexidine such as, but not limited to, chlorhexidine, (I, I'-hexamethylene-bis-5- (4-chlorophenyl biguanide) and A particularly suitable biguanide is polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
[0058] The antimicrobial agent can comprise a phenolic compound
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18/63 which has the following general structure:
where: m is 0 to 3 (especially 1 to 3), n is 1 to 3 (especially 1 to 2), each R ²⁴ is, independently, an alkyl or alkenyl with up to 12 carbon atoms (especially , up to 8 carbon atoms) optionally substituted by O within or in the chain (for example, as a carbonyl group) or OH in the chain, and each R ²⁵ is independently an H or an alkyl or alkenyl with up to 8 carbon atoms ( especially, up to 6 carbon atoms) optionally substituted by O within or in the chain (for example, as a carbonyl group) or OH in the chain, but if R ²⁵ is H, n is preferably 1 or 2.
[0059] Examples of phenolic agents include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxy anisol, for example, 3 (2) -tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA), 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-4-hexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-4-octylphenol, 2,6-di-tert- 4-decylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-4-butylphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, 4, 6-di-tert-butyl-resorcinol, methyl paraben (methyl ester of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid), ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, 2-phenoxy ethanol, as well as combinations thereof. A group of phenolic compounds is a species of phenol, which has the general structure shown above, where R ²⁵ is H and where R ²⁴ is an alkyl or alkenyl of up to 8 carbon atoms, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 , especially where at least one R ²⁴ is a butyl and, particularly, a tert-butyl, and especially the non-toxic elements thereof are preferred. Some of the phenolic synergists are BHA, BHT, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben and butyl paraben, as well as combinations of these.
[0060] Other additional antimicrobial agents include iodine and its complexed forms such as povidone / iodine, chlorhexidine salts, such as digluconate
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19/63 chlorhexidine (CHG), parachloromethaxylene (PCMX), triclosan, hexachlorophene, surfactants that have a hydrophobic C12-C22 and a quaternary ammonium group, quaternary amines, quaternary silanes, hydrogen peroxide, silver, silver salts such as chloride silver, silver oxide, silver sulfadiazine and the like.
[0061] An optional chelating agent (i.e., chelator) is typically an organic compound capable of multiple coordination sites with a metal ion in solution. Typically, these chelating agents are polyanionic compounds and are best coordinated with polyvalent metal ions. Exemplary chelating agents include, but are not limited to, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as well as salts of these substances (for example, EDTA (Na) 2, EDTA (Na) 4, EDTA (Ca), EDTA (K) 2), sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium hexametapostate, adipic acid, succinic acid, polyphosphoric acid, sodium hexametapostate, sodium hexametapostate, acidified sodium hexametapostate, nitrilotris (methylene phosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminopentacetic acid, 1-hydroxy ethylene 1-diphosphonic acid and diethylenetriaminapenta- (methylene phosphonic acid). Certain carboxylic acids, particularly alpha-hydroxy acids and beta-hydroxy acids, can also function as chelators, for example, malic acid and tartaric acid.
[0062] Also included as chelators are highly specific compounds to bind ferrous and / or ferric ions, such as siderophores, and iron-binding proteins. Iron-binding proteins include, for example, lactoferrin and transferrin. Siderophores include, for example, enterocillin, enterobactin, vibriobactin, anguibactin, pyoceline, pyopelin, and aerobactin.
[0063] In certain embodiments, chelating agents useful in antimicrobial compositions include those selected from the group consisting of ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid, as well as salts thereof, succinic acid and mixtures thereof. Preferably, both the acid-free form and the mono- or di-salt of EDTA is used.
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[0064] One or more chelating agents can be used in the compositions of the present invention, at a level suitable to produce the desired result. They can be used in proportions similar to the proportions of the antimicrobial agent described above, but are typically used in proportions less than 5% by weight.
[0065] The ratio of the total concentration of chelating agents to the total concentration of the antimicrobial agent is preferably within a range of 10: 1 to 1: 100, and more preferably, 1: 1 and 1:10, based on weight.
[0066] The compositions of the present invention may optionally include one or more surfactants to promote compatibility of polymer compositions and to help moisten the surface and / or assist in contact and control or in the extermination of microorganisms or in the prevention of toxin production . For use in the present invention, the term "surfactant" means an amphiphile (a molecule that has both polar and non-polar regions, which are covalently linked) capable of reducing the surface tension of water and / or the interfacial tension between water and an immiscible liquid. The term is intended to include soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, surface active agents and the like. The surfactant can be cationic, anionic, nonionic or amphoteric. A variety of conventional surfactants can be used; However, it may be important when selecting a surfactant to determine that it is compatible with the finished compositions and that it does not inhibit the antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial composition. The person skilled in the art can determine the compatibility of a surfactant by formulating and testing antimicrobial activity, as described in the examples of the present invention. Combinations of various surfactants can be used. Preferred surfactants are selected from surfactants based on sulfates, sulfonates, phosphonates, phosphates, poloxamer, alkyl lactates, carboxylates, cationic surfactants and combinations thereof, and more
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21/63 are preferably selected from alkyl (C8-C22) sulfate salts, di (C8-Cw) sulfosuccinate salts, C8-C22 alkyl sarconsinate and combinations thereof.
[0067] One or more surfactants can be used in a suitable content to produce the desired result. In some embodiments, when used in the composition, they are present in a total amount of between about 0.1% by weight, to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
[0068] For articles in contact with the skin, suitable optional carrier materials include emollients and humectants, such as those described in US Patent No. 5,951,993. In addition, emollients such as oils (for example, hydrocarbons and alkyl esters) and alkyl alcohols and polyethoxylated alcohols acceptable to the skin and combinations thereof, can also optimize the skin feel of coated articles. Any indicator that provides a visual change in response to the absence or presence of a specific compound or compounds, such as, water, urea, dissolved oxygen, ions, such as, but not limited to, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, chloride , protons, hydroxide and combinations thereof, sugars, such as, glucose, enzymes, biological materials in urine and / or faeces; and combinations thereof; microbiological flora and fauna, such as bacteria and the like; some contrast threshold content of a compound or composition, such as water, urine, etc., below a certain amount; and combinations thereof, may be included in the antimicrobial composition. Visual indicator modalities include those that change color, color intensity or change between colorless and colored or between transparent, translucent and opaque. In particular, color or humidity indicators that provide a color change may be included.
[0069] In general, the antimicrobial composition comprises
(a) 80 to 99% by weight, preferably 90 to 95% by weight, of a vehicle,
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22/63 preferably hydrophilic, comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, where the fatty alcohol comprises at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight of the hydrophilic vehicle and the remainder being poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer; and
b) 1 to 20, preferably 5 to 10%, by weight, of an antimicrobial agent, preferably an organic antimicrobial acid, based on the total weight of the composition;
(c) 0 to 5% by weight of the surfactant, and
d) 0 to 5%, by weight, of other additives as described above.
[0070] such percentages based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
[0071] The antimicrobial composition can be prepared by combining the components - the fatty alcohol and the poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer of the vehicle components, the antimicrobial agent and other optional components and heated to produce a homogeneous mixture. In one embodiment, the fatty alcohol and the poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer are combined with the antimicrobial agent at a temperature above that required to dissolve the antimicrobial agent (in the desired weight percentage) in the vehicle to produce a homogeneous mixture. Other optional components can be added to the melt. If any of the components are solid at room temperature (preferably all components are solid at room temperature) this will be done at the minimum temperature required to melt all the components. Exposure of components to elevated temperatures for extended periods of time should be avoided to delay esterification reactions or heat degradation.
[0072] In a preferred embodiment the method involves dissolving the component of the antimicrobial agent in the vehicle component with sufficient heating and mixing to form a homogeneous solution; optionally heat
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23/63 the mixture at a temperature sufficient to form a pourable liquid (above its melting point). Desirably, the components are selected to form a homogeneous solution when melted, the melted solution can be cooled and solidified, and heated again to form a homogeneous solution.
[0073] The antimicrobial composition can be applied to the component substrates of an absorbent article to produce antimicrobial articles by mixing and heating the components of the antimicrobial composition to form a homogeneous solution, then coating on a substrate using a known coating technique , such as curtain coating, coating matrix, knife coating, cylinder coating, groove coating or spray coating. The preferred coating methods are spray and groove coating of the fused antimicrobial composition. Desirably, the applied melt composition solidifies quickly in contact with the substrate, allowing high production rates. In addition, the applied antimicrobial composition does not migrate after coating.
[0074] The coating compositions can be applied to one or more surfaces of the components of the disposable absorbent article. The coating composition can be applied to all or a portion of such component substrates, and can be applied as a continuous or a batch coating. In some embodiments, the coating compositions can be applied in a pre-selected pattern. With some substrates, including the porous and microporous component of the disposable absorbent article, the coating composition can penetrate the surface and coat a portion of the pores thereof. Useful coating methods are described in Edward Cohen and Edgar Gutoff, "Modern Coating and Drying Technology", VCH Publishers, NY, USA 1992, ISBN 3-527-28246-7.
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[0075] The antimicrobial composition can be more conveniently applied as essentially less liquid solvents or melted compositions. Molded compositions are, in general, applied to most articles at the lowest temperature necessary to maintain the material properly melted, while maintaining an adequate viscosity. Typically about 50 to 150 ° C. The compositions are applied to most non-woven, woven or knitted substrates at a load of 0.5 to 50 g / square meter of the coated area of the coated substrate, more preferably 1 to 20 g / square meter and, with the maximum preferably at about 2 to 10 g / square meter. For molten coating methods, such as spraying the antimicrobial composition, the components are selected so that the composition has a melting point of at least 45 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C. Preferably, each of the components has melting points greater than 45 ° C. Preferably, the antimicrobial composition has a melt viscosity of 100a
3000 centipoise, preferably 200 to 1000 centipoise, and as measured by the test method described here at the processing temperatures employed in the coating step - for example 50 to 200 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C, more preferably 50 to 100 ° C. Compositions having the desired melt viscosity allow preferred coating means to spray the substrate.
[0076] Disposable absorbent articles comprising thermoplastic polymer substrates can be made by processes known in the art for the manufacture of these products using sheets, blankets or fibers. These thermoplastic polymer compositions are used to form blankets, and the like, which are directly formed into disposable absorbent articles without special treatment or conversion processes. A coating of the antimicrobial composition, as applied to the blankets or fibers before use, is dry and in a stable form and remains so until it is in the final use environment. Per
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25/63 dry, it is understood that there is no significant water and that it is in balance with the environment.
[0077] In general, disposable absorbent articles would be packaged in a dry environment with no added moisture and would not be exposed to moisture until they are opened and used by the end consumer. When in the end-use environment, upon absorption of or exposure to an aqueous fluid, the composition's antimicrobial activity is expressed and the composition initiates or accelerates the dissolution and release of the antimicrobial agent. This release continues during use. The composition can be adjusted so that the antimicrobial agent continues to be released after multiple exposures to "episodes".
[0078] Disposable absorbent articles typically comprise a liquid-permeable top layer, a liquid-impermeable bottom layer and an absorbent core positioned between the top layer and the bottom layer. The disposable absorbent articles and components thereof, including the upper layer, lower layer, absorbent core and any individual layers of these components, have a surface facing the user's body and a surface facing the garment. For use in the present invention “surface facing the user's body” means the surface of the article or component, which is intended to be used facing or adjacent to the user's body, when the “surface facing the garment” is on the opposite side and is intended to be worn facing or placed in a position adjacent to the wearer's clothing or underwear when the disposable absorbent article is used.
[0079] The following description generally discusses the absorbent core, the upper layer and the lower layer materials, which are useful in disposable absorbent articles. It is to be understood that the general description applies to the components of the specific absorbent articles shown in the figures and further described below, in addition to the disposable absorbent articles
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26/63 which are, in general, described herein.
[0080] In general, the absorbent core is capable of absorbing or retaining fluids (for example, menstruation, urine and / or other bodily exudates). The absorbent core is preferably compressible, conformable and non-irritating to the user's skin. The absorbent core can be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes (for example, rectangular, oval, hourglass, shaped like a "T", dog bone type, asymmetrical etc.). In addition to absorbent composites, the absorbent core can include any of a wide variety of materials capable of absorbing liquids commonly used in absorbent articles, such as crushed wood pulp, which is generally called aerated felt. Examples of other absorbent materials suitable for use in the absorbent core include crimped cellulose fill; meltblown polymers including coform; reticulated, modified or stiffened cellulosic fibers; synthetic fibers, such as crimped polyester fibers; peat moss; fabric, including toilet paper wrappers and laminates; absorbent foams; absorbent sponges; superabsorbent polymers; absorbent gelling materials; or any equivalent material or combinations of materials or mixtures thereof.
[0081] The configuration and construction of the absorbent core can be varied (for example, the absorbent core can have zones of different thicknesses and / or have a profile in order to be thicker in the center; hydrophilic gradients; gradients of absorbent composites; gradients superabsorbents, or lower average density and lower average base weight zones, for example, capture zones, or may comprise one or more layers or structures). The total absorbent capacity of the absorbent core should, however, be compatible with the load design and the intended use of the absorbent article. Additionally, the size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent core can be varied to accommodate different
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27/63 uses such as diapers, incontinence pads, daily pads, regular sanitary pads and sanitary pads for night use, and to accommodate users in the baby to adult range. The absorbent core may also include other absorbent components, which are often used in absorbent articles, for example, a capillary absorption layer, distribution or capture, or a secondary upper layer to increase user comfort.
[0082] The upper layer is preferably malleable, soft to the touch and non-irritating to the user's skin. In addition, the top layer is permeable to liquids, allowing liquids (for example, menstruation and / or urine) to readily penetrate through their thickness. A suitable top layer can be manufactured from a wide range of materials, such as woven and non-woven materials (for example, a non-woven blanket composed of fibers), including non-woven fabrics with an opening; polymeric materials, such as thermoplastic films formed with openings, plastic films with openings and hydroformed thermoplastic films; porous foams; reticulated foams; cross-linked thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic etamines. Suitable woven and non-woven materials may consist of natural fibers (for example, wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (for example, polymeric fibers, such as polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene fibers) or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers . When the top layer comprises a nonwoven web, the web can be produced by a wide number of known techniques. For example, the blanket can be continuous spinning, of hydroentangled carding, produced by wet deposition (wetlaid), produced by block extrusion with high-speed hot air (meltblown), hydroentangled, hydroformed, hydro-open, combinations of components above or similar. Whether comprised of a woven or non-woven material, the top layer comprises,
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Preferably, skin care compositions comprising active proton donor (s), as further described below.
[0083] The bottom layer is impermeable to liquids (eg menstruation and / or urine) and preferably comprises a thin plastic film, although other flexible liquid impermeable materials may also be used. For use in the present invention, the term "flexible" refers to materials that are malleable and will readily adapt to the general shape and contour of the human body. The bottom layer prevents the exudates absorbed and contained in the absorbent core to moisten articles that come in contact with the absorbent article, such as sheets, pants, pajamas and underwear. The lower layer can therefore comprise a woven or non-woven material, polymeric films, such as polyethylene or polypropylene thermoplastic films, or composite materials, such as a film-coated non-woven material. A suitable bottom layer is a polyethylene film that has a thickness of about 0.012 mm (0.5 mil) to about 0.051 mm. (2.0 mils). Exemplary polyethylene films are produced by Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, under the designation P18-1401 and by Tredegar Film Products of Terre Haute, Ind., Under the designation XP39385. The bottom layer is preferably embossed and / or with a matte finish providing a more fabric-like appearance. In addition, the lower layer may allow vapors to escape from the absorbent core (i.e., the lower layer is breathable) while still preventing exudates from passing through the lower layer. The size of the bottom layer is dictated by the size of the absorbent core and the exact design of the selected absorbent article.
[0084] The lower layer and the upper layer are positioned adjacent to the surface facing the garment and the surface facing the user's body, respectively, of the absorbent core. The absorbent core is preferably joined with the top layer, the bottom layer or both, in
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29/63 in any way as it is known by the means of attachment as those well known in the art. However, the modalities of the absorbent articles are provided, where the portions of the entire absorbent core or is independent of the top layer, the bottom layer or both.
[0085] For example, the bottom layer and / or the top layer can be attached to the absorbent core or to each other through a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a shaped layer of adhesive or a shaped matrix of adhesive. Satisfactory adhesives are produced by H.B. Fuller Company of St. Paul, Minn., USA under the designation HL-1258 or H-2031. The fixing means will preferably comprise an open pattern network of adhesive filaments as disclosed in US patent 4,573,986, (Minetola, et al.) And which is incorporated herein by reference. An exemplary attachment means of an open filament pattern network comprises several lines of adhesive filaments wound in a spiral pattern as illustrated by the apparatus and method shown in US patent 3,911,173 (Sprague, Jr.); US patent 4,785,996, (Zwieker, et al.); and US patent 4,842,666, (Werenicz). Each of these patents is hereby incorporated by reference. Alternatively, the fastening means may comprise hot connections, pressure joints, ultrasonic connections, dynamic mechanical connections or any other suitable fastening means or combinations of these fastening means as are known in the art.
[0086] Reference may be made to US patent 2002/0147433 (McOskar et al.), Incorporated herein by way of reference, for additional details regarding the construction of disposable absorbent articles.
[0087] Optionally, the disposable absorbent article may additionally comprise liquid distribution layers (also known as a capture and distribution layer) to enhance the distribution and
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30/63 liquid absorption of absorbent articles.
[0088] Numerous approaches have been suggested and include the use of channels, reservoirs, openings, etc., which have been introduced, in general, in the absorbent core and occasionally in the capillary absorption layer, through methods such as embossing, corrugation, cutting or bending. See, for example, US patent 4,676,786 (Nishino), 4,678,464 (Holtman), 4,655,759 (Romans-Hess et al.), 5,030,229 (Yang), 3,769,978 (DeNight et al.) , 4,758,240 (Glassman), 4,795,453 (Wolfe), British Patent No. 2,017,505 (Fitzgerald) and WO 86/01378 (KamstrupLarson). In WO 91/11161 there is a proposal for corrugating the upper layer of liquid-permeable nonwoven of an absorbent product. US patent No. 4,735,624 (Mazars) discloses a disposable diaper that comprises an absorbent pad consisting of an absorbent material, consisting essentially of hydrophilic fibers joined together to form a coherent mass. The padding is narrow in the hook area and widens in the front and back areas of the branched diaper.
[0089] The use of a plastic mesh material, to promote the unidirectional spreading of liquids in absorbent fillers, is presented in European patent no. 0 174 152 Bl. The use of certain fibers in complex forms, in the form of tow or staple , which are capable of transporting liquid in absorbent articles, is presented in European patent application (EPA) No. 0 391 814 A2 (Phillips et al.) and WO 91/12949 (Thompson) (which have fibers or sheets with a reason extremely large surface area for mass), and EPA n ° 493 728 Al that has a notched fiber with notch angles (cc) less than (180 '-), where 0 is the contact angle of the liquid fiber. US patent 4,798,604 (Carter) discloses a contoured polymeric film that is open and contains a pattern of raised areas, which can be used to form the body contact surface, that is, the upper layer, in the devices
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31/63 absorbents. Films have also been proposed as liquid distribution layers in absorbent articles in WO 95/00093 where a liquid distribution strip is used in association with an absorbent strip. The liquid dispensing strip is shorter and wider than the absorbent strip. The two strips are located between the bottom layer and the absorbent core of the absorbent article (for example, a sanitary napkin). The liquid distribution strip can have a polyethylene film that can be opened and in an alternative embodiment have lower cuts. In French patent No. 2,082,526 a diaper or tampon is provided with a drain, which is a pleated sheet of nonwoven placed in the absorbent pad.
[0090] US patent 5,728,446 (Johnston et al.) Discloses a liquid management film that comprises a thermoplastic film that has at least one microstructured hydrophilic surface with a plurality of primary grooves. The primary grooves have at least two secondary grooves, each of said secondary grooves forming at least one notch, such notches are substantially parallel and separated by a secondary peak. US patent 5,514,120 (Johnston et al.) Describes an absorbent article comprising an optional liquid-permeable top layer, an optional bottom layer, an absorbent core disposed between the top and bottom layer and at least one management member of liquid, which comprises a film that has at least one hydrophilic microstructure supporting surface, which promotes rapid directional spreading of liquids, the liquid management member and the core being in contact. US patent 4,824,718 (Hwang) describes a disposable article as a diaper or feminine hygiene product that has a noise-free, liquid-impermeable, vapor-permeable, microporous polymer film that has pores defining passages that extend through the same, the passages are presented being partially filled with material
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32/63 noise reduction additive and a method for its production.
[0091] Each of the aforementioned references is incorporated herein by way of reference. These and other liquid distribution films are known in the art of disposable absorbent products, and can be incorporated into the articles presented in the present invention.
[0092] It has also been found that the absorbent articles of the invention significantly reduce unpleasant odors and, as such, are useful in absorbent wipes or disposable garments where there is often an odor generated, such as by converting urea to ammonia by Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial articles can be used to reduce antimicrobial activity on the skin when in contact for extended periods of time. Absorbent articles can be used as a fibrous absorbent material or as additive fibers in an absorbent material or as a blanket or film adjacent to an absorbent material or as a blanket that is in contact with the skin. These uses include a top layer for a diaper, a bed protector or a feminine pad. In these uses, antimicrobial articles could be formed from a continuous spinning blanket or as a non-woven fabric and used in an environment contacting the body. In that case, the loading levels should be sufficient to exterminate or inhibit bacterial proliferation over an extended period of time. Antimicrobial articles when used as, on or adjacent to an absorbent core may have relatively high levels of loading of antimicrobial compositions to kill microbes to inhibit odor production.
[0093] The level of antimicrobial activity in a given use environment is related to the finished composition, including the percentages, by weight, of the antimicrobial agent, as well as the presence and percentage, by weight, of additional components such as surfactants and wetting agents . The fee of
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33/63 release of the antimicrobial agent is largely controlled by the relative amounts of fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer in the vehicle, as well as the concentration of the antimicrobial agent, solubility in the vehicle and temperature of use. Increasing the amount of fatty alcohol in the vehicle and may delay the release of the antimicrobial agent to provide extended antimicrobial activity. Decreasing the amount of fatty alcohol in the vehicle allows an enhanced rate of release of the antimicrobial agent. The release rate can be controlled or designed based on the intended end use of the disposable absorbent article.
[0094] The content of antimicrobial activity is also related to the amount of material in the antimicrobial composition and the antimicrobial agent, which is present in disposable absorbent articles, as well as where and how the material is incorporated into the disposable article. An additional aspect that potentially impacts the level of antimicrobial activity is the total surface area of the coated component substrate within the disposable absorbent article. Thus, a way to increase antimicrobial activity at a given weight within a disposable absorbent article is to coat non-woven or fibrous substrates and, therefore, more surface area per unit weight.
[0095] The rate of release of antimicrobial agents from the antimicrobial composition can be affected by the incorporation of plasticizers, surfactants, emulsifiers, humectants, wetting agents as well as other components. Suitable humectants and / or wetting agents can include polyhydric alcohols, such as low molecular weight polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
[0096] In a preferred embodiment, the articles of the present invention are kept dry until use. This protects the antimicrobial composition that may be present since the dissolution of the vehicle. The amount of moisture present is preferably low. Typically, the amount of water in the packaged item before
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34/63 of use is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight, and usually less than 5% by weight. The packaging can be used to protect the article from absorbing moisture in humid environments. For example, articles can be packed with a protective film of polyolefin, polyester (eg polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthylate, etc.), fluoropolymers (eg Aclar available from Allied Signal Morristown, AP), PVDC, PVC , ceramic barrier coated films, as well as laminates and mixtures thereof.
[0097] In general, automated equipment can be used similarly to conventional production lines for sanitary napkins, adult incontinence pads, diapers and the like, with minor modifications to produce disposable absorbent articles. Modular systems are specifically preferred, where the various unit operations on the production line can be moved and replaced with other modules without the need for a complete reconstruction of the production machine.
[0098] The production line can include a hammer grinder for the production of crushed fibers, if the fluff cellulose pulp is used, or the cylinder-shaped absorbent material can be supplied, including blankets produced by deposition to air (airlaid), mechanically softened pulp sheets, fabric blankets and the like. Similarly, film or nonwoven components, such as an upper layer of nonwoven and a lower layer of film, of the absorbent article are also generally supplied in a cylinder form. The rolls are unrolled and cut into a shape, using methods such as cutting die, cutters or water jets, and components placed properly in relation to each other, typically with in-line connection in selected regions provided by the adhesive applied by spraying, contact with ultrasonic probes or heated embossing elements or other means of connection known in the art. Components can be moved in
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35/63 continuous mats from one operation to another.
[0099] For example, a non-woven blanket, which serves as an upper layer of the absorbent article can be supplied in a cylinder shape, unrolled and directed in a continuous way towards the production line machine. Simultaneously a blanket of an absorbent material, such as one produced by air deposition (airlaid), can be supplied in a cylinder shape, rolled out and directed in a continuous way towards the production line machine in a unitary operation that cuts pieces distinct from this blanket and places the distinct pieces in the continuous top layer spaced, in the direction of the machine, way to serve as the absorbent core of the finished absorbent article. Similarly, a fluid-impermeable mat, for example a film, breathable film or a laminate of such a film and a non-woven mat, can be supplied in a cylinder form, unrolled and directed towards the production line machine and continuously placed on top of the different pieces of the absorbent material and the top layer material to sandwich the absorbent between the top layer and the fluid impermeable bottom layer materials. These components can be attached to each other using known methods, such as adhesive bonding, sonic bonding, bonding with heat and / or pressure, or other suitable means to produce a composite working length which is then cut into absorbent articles individual for packaging.
[00100] Figure 1 shows a basic schematic process for the production of the disposable absorbent articles of the present invention. In figure 1 a cylinder of the bottom layer 111 is supplied, unrolled and directed in the direction of the machine of the production machine, a cylinder of an absorbent mat 112 is supplied, unwound and directed in the direction of the machine of the production machine and in a unitary operation 120 that cuts the absorbent blanket in
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36/63 distinct pieces 112a and places and fixes it to the bottom layer in a spaced configuration.
[00101] Also shown in figure 1 is a cylinder of the upper layer 114, which is unwound and directed in the direction of the machine of the production machine and is fixed to the absorbent material and to the lower layer. The means for attaching these components are not shown in figure 1, but may include adhesive bonding, sonic bonding, heat and / or pressure bonding, and other known bonding methods or a combination of such methods.
[00102] Alternate positions of applicator 116a to 116e are shown in figure 1, to provide the antimicrobial coating on the desired component of the disposable absorbent article. In this way, applicator 116a is positioned to apply the antimicrobial coating to the surface facing the user's body of the lower layer material by unwinding the cylinder of the lower layer material 111. Depending on the exact type of application used, this coating may be under the in the form of strips or a continuous or discontinuous layer. For example, if strips are desired, a slit-type applicator, as is well known in the art, can be used. Alternatively, if a spray-type applicator is used, also well known in the art, the coating may be in the form of a continuous or discontinuous coating, depending on the settings of the specific applicator and the weight of the application. In both cases, the slit-type applicator and the spray-type applicator, the coating can be supplied in a discontinuous manner in the direction of the machine for each of the modalities shown from figure 3A to figure 3F.
[00103] In figure 1 the applicator 116b is shown positioned to apply the antimicrobial coating to the surface facing the garment of the absorbent mat as it is unrolled from the cylinder of the absorbent material 112. The applicator 116c is positioned to apply the antimicrobial coating
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37/63 surface facing the body of the absorbent material as it is unwound from the absorbent material cylinder 112. Applicator 116d is shown positioned to apply the antimicrobial coating to the surface facing the garment of the upper layer as it is unrolled of a cylinder of top layer material 114. Applicator 116e is shown positioned to apply the antimicrobial coating to the side facing the body of the separate pieces of absorbent mat 112a. The placement of the antimicrobial coating within the disposable absorbent article of the invention can be determined by selecting various locations of applicators 116a through 116e for the antimicrobial coating illustrated in figure 1. It is also anticipated that it is desired to apply the antimicrobial coating to more than a location within the disposable absorbent article, which can be achieved by using more than applicator and a location of the applicator. In figure 1, the final step of producing disposable absorbent articles involves cutting individual articles from the combined blanket and packaging these articles in unit operations shown as 122.
[00104] Figure 2 shows an exemplary disposable article 10 cut out with a lower layer 11, an upper layer 14, an absorbent core 12 and a distribution and capture layer 13, wherein the antimicrobial coating 15 is shown as a coating that has a predetermined pattern in the absorbent core 12.
[00105] The cross-sectional view of various types of linings in disposable articles is shown from figure 3A to figure 3F. The difference in the modalities shown in figure 3A to figure 3F is in the placement of the antimicrobial coating within the article. In figures 3A through figure 3F, the disposable absorbent article 10, in the form of a pad, comprises an upper layer 14, a lower layer 11, an absorbent core 12 and a
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38/63 distribution and capture layer 13, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is shown on various component surfaces of the article.
[00106] Figure 3A shows an exemplary disposable article in cross section, for example through line AA in figure 2, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is in the form of a pattern (like the illustrated strips) applied as a coating on the facing surface to the user's body of the lower layer 11.
[00107] Figure 3B shows an example of an alternative disposable absorbent article of the invention in cross section, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is in the form of a layer applied as a coating on the surface facing the garment of the absorbent core 12. Such The layer can be continuous (as shown) or comprise a discontinuous coating as can be achieved by a spray coating application.
[00108] Figure 3C shows an example of an alternative disposable absorbent article of the invention in cross section, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is carried out on the surface facing the body of the user of the absorbent core 12, and where the antimicrobial coating is a continuous layer ( as shown) or discontinuous on the surface facing the user's body of the absorbent core 12.
[00109] Figure 3D shows an example of an alternative disposable absorbent article of the invention in cross section, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is made on the surface facing the garment of the distribution and capture layer 13, and where the antimicrobial coating 15 is in the form of a pattern (like the strips illustrated).
[00110] Figure 3E shows an example of an alternative disposable absorbent article of the invention in cross section, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is placed on the surface facing the body of the distribution layer and
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39/63 captures 13, and where the antimicrobial coating 15 is in the form of a pattern (like the illustrated strips).
[00111] Figure 3F shows an example of an alternative disposable absorbent article of the invention in cross section, where the antimicrobial coating 15 is carried out on the surface facing the garment of the upper layer 14 and where the antimicrobial coating is in the form of a standard (like the illustrated strips).
[00112] Related to each of the modalities shown, the antimicrobial coating is shown as a discrete layer. The layer may have a pattern or not and may cover all or a portion of the selected component of the disposable absorbent article. One or more components can be coated. For component substrates, which are porous or microporous, it will be understood that the antimicrobial composition can totally or partially penetrate the empty spaces.
[00113] The disposable article may additionally comprise a visual indicator, which may be integral to one or more components of the article, or it may be a separate article attached or otherwise attached to one or more components of the article, including a layer surface top, bottom layer, absorbent material or other constituent components of a disposable article. In some embodiments, the visual indicator is a component of the antimicrobial composition, which can be used as a coating on one or more of the article's surfaces.
[00114] As previously described, any indicator that provides a visual change in response to the absence or presence of a specific compound or compounds, such as, water, urea, dissolved oxygen, ions, such as, but not limited to, iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, chloride, protons, hydroxide and combinations thereof, sugars such as glucose, enzymes, biological materials
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40/63 in urine and / or faeces; and combinations thereof; microbiological flora and fauna, such as bacteria and the like; some contrast threshold content of a compound or composition, such as water, urine, etc .; and combinations thereof, may be included in the visual indicator component of the disposable article. Visual indicator modalities include those that change color, color intensity or change between colorless and colored or between transparent, translucent and opaque. In particular, color or humidity indicators that provide a color change may be included.
[00115] Numerous different compositions or methods of construction have been suggested to indicate that a diaper is wet. For example, US patent No. 4,231,370 to Mroz et al. features a moisture indicator with pH change / color change which is a solid mixture dispersed in an adhesive. US patent No. 4,022,211 to Timmons et al. it features a water-soluble coloring agent, which is visible when the diaper is dry, but which disappears when the diaper is wet. US Patent No. 3,952,746 to Summers discloses the use of moisture indicator paper mounted on an absorbent area of the diaper. US patent No. 4,327,731 to Powell features moisture-activated enzyme systems and chromogens or pigment-producing agents used as moisture detectors. US Patent No. 3,759,261 to Wang and 4,192,311 to Felfoldi show masked color layers, which become visible when the intermediate layers become wet. US patent No. 4,931,051 (Castello) describes a moisture indicator that comprises a mixture of hydratable salt applied to a water-permeable membrane and visible from an external observation of the absorbent filler. US patent No. 20100262100 (Klofta) describes a moisture indicating composition comprising a stabilizer, a dye and a matrix. US patent No. 2009/0326494 (Uchida et al.) Describes an absorbent article that has applied a moisture-indicating composition to it
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41/63 hot melt, which changes color in contact with a body fluid comprising (a) a pH indicator, which is substantially colorless at pH 7 and develops a color in an acidic environment, (b) a surfactant, (c) a polyalkylene glycol, (d) a polymer that has a carboxyl group and (e) an acidic substance, in addition to components (b) and (d).
[00116] The invention will be further clarified through the following examples, which are exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
Test Methods
Odor verification in artificial urine [00117] To create the inoculum test, an overnight culture of Proteus mirabilis ATCC No. 14153, grown on soybean tryptcasein at 37 ° C, was diluted in 1: 50,000 artificial urine sterilized and filtered (prepared according to Sarangapani et al., J. Biomedical Mat. Research 29: 1185) containing 5% by weight of (v / v) soybean tryptcasein broth (TSB, with Becton, Dickinson and Company , Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). The test materials were placed in a 100 ml Pyrex flask and inoculated, so that the test material was not saturated by the inoculum. Except where otherwise specified, 3 mL of inoculum was added to a 2.54 cm (1-inch) diameter core cut from a personal hygiene article. The flasks were sealed and incubated for approximately 24 hours at 37 ° C. After incubation, one to four people were asked to briefly open these flasks over their noses and evaluate the samples for ammonia odor. The ammonia test strips (pHydrion) were used to estimate the ammonia concentration (in ppm) for the samples as indicated.
Verification of Odor in Artificial Menstruation [00118] To create the inoculum test, an overnight culture of
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC No. 9027 was diluted 1: 50,000 in 40% (v / v) of sheep's blood (defibrinated, available from PML Microbiologicals) in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI, available from Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). The test materials were placed in a 100 ml Pyrex flask and inoculated, so that the test material was not saturated by the inoculum. Except where otherwise specified, 3 mL of inoculum was added to a 2.54 cm (1-inch) diameter core cut from a personal hygiene article. The flasks were sealed and incubated for approximately 24 hours at 37 ° C. After incubation, one to four people were asked to briefly open these flasks over their noses and evaluate the samples for the unpleasant odor.
Verification of antimicrobial activity [00119] The bactericidal activity of the samples was evaluated using the Japanese industrial standard (JIS) L 1902 with the following modifications:
• the sample size was not 0.4 g as indicated in JIS L 1902. The sample size for each test material was observed and was chosen so that the sample was almost completely moistened by adding 0.2 ml inoculum.
• Samples were not sterilized prior to evaluation using JIS L 1902.
• D / E neutralizing broth (available from Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) was used in place of the physiological saline solution for shaking • PETRIFILM aerobic count (available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) was used in place of nutrient B agar to plaque the bacteria.
[00120] To quantify bactericidal activity, the growth value (F) and the bacteriostatic activity value (S) were calculated as described in the JIS
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L 1902.
Viscosity test [00121] Viscosity measurements were obtained using a tension / elongation rheometer, model AR2000 produced by TA Instruments, New Castle, DE. The accessory was a set of parallel 40 mm plates, with the lower plates having the temperature controlled using a peltier heater. The test samples (approximately 1.9 grams) were fitted on the lower plates and the upper plate was reduced so that there was a gap of 1.5 mm between the plates. The samples were initially melted and equilibrated at 90 ° C and then reduced to 50 ° C to begin the analysis. Starting at a temperature of 50 ° C, a small oscillatory wingspan was performed under the following conditions: frequency of 1 Hz, voltage amplitude of 1% and temperature clearance from 50 to 100 ° C in increments of 10 ° C. The collected and reported data were the complex viscosity, Eta * in centipoise as a function of temperature, ° C.
Materials [00122] Salicylic acid (AS), available from Mallinckrodt, Philipsburg, NJ, USA [00123] PEG 3350, polyethylene glycol, available from Dow Chemical, Baton, WA [00124] Cetyl alcohol (AC), available from Proctor & Gamble, New Mitford, CT [00125] Cis-13-Docosenol, available from Tokyo Chemical Industry America, Portland, OR, USA [00126] 1-Eicosanol, available from Tokyo Chemical Industry America, Portland, OR, USA [00127] Citric acid, available from Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA
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44/63 [00128] Adipic acid, available from Spectrum Chemicals, Gardena, CA [00129] 5-Chlorosalicylic acid, available from Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA
Sample Preparation
Preparation of processable fused antimicrobial compositions [00130] The antimicrobial compositions were prepared using the components shown in the Tables. The individual components were weighed and added to an appropriately sized test tube (the batch size was approximately 1 gram). The test tube was heated by partial immersion in an oil bath at a temperature of 90 ° C. All compositions were homogeneous in the molten state at this temperature.
Preparation of antimicrobial coated non-woven substrates
Manually Coated [00131] Small samples of non-woven substrates were manually coated with the antimicrobial compositions to test using the following procedure. The coating method involved coating the melted compositions on aluminum foil, which was packed in a glass plate about 10.2 cm (4 inches) by 20.3 cm (8 inches) fixed on a hot plate plate). The hot plate was adjusted to provide a surface temperature on the aluminum foil of about 75 ° C to keep the coated composition fused to the paper. The coating on the aluminum foil was carried out in a larger area than the substrate test piece. This coating was done using a small brush. This piece of non-woven substrate (10.2 cm (4 inches) by 15.2 cm (6 inches) of Wypall L30 fabric, available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Roswell, GA) was then placed over the coated composition melted into the foil and pressed lightly with your hands for a few seconds against the coated foil to
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45/63 transfer some composition to the substrate. The substrate piece was then removed from the paper and allowed to cool naturally. By comparing the tare weight of the substrate piece to the coated weight, the weight of the antimicrobial composition transferred to the substrate in this procedure was determined.
Spray applicator [00132] Additional samples were prepared by coating the compositions using a spray applicator. These samples were prepared by placing several kilograms of the composition to be applied in a tank-type smelter (S series smelter, model number S5N2ZES1-FMG - V5.32S, available from Illinois Tool Works, Inc., Glenview, IL) which was adjusted to a temperature of 70 ° C. When the composition was completely molten, it was pumped through a hose heated to a spray head (Model UA 6UM R8D06, S / N: DV05003311, available from Nordson Corporation, Westlake, OH) which was adjusted to a matrix temperature 70 ° C and an air temperature of 70 ° C to produce a spray of the molten composition, which was directed down onto a non-woven substrate (rigid roll paper towel, available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Roswell, GA ) moving continuously under the nozzle. The distance between the nozzle tip and the substrate was 7.6 cm (3 inches). The linear speed of the non-woven substrate mat was adjusted to achieve a coating weight of approximately 50 grams / meter ² (grams per square meter). To prepare sufficient material for such a coating test, 7.5 kg batches of some compositions were prepared by loading the components into a 10 liter glass vessel and heating and mechanically stirring until the molten composition appears homogeneous (approximately 25 minutes). The molten composition was then poured into aluminum pans at a thickness of about 5 mm and allowed to cool naturally to solidify. When solidified, the material was broken into pieces
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46/63 between 1 cm ² and about 3 cm ² in the XY direction of the solidified slices in the aluminum pots.
Filling preparation [00133] To determine the ability of antimicrobial compositions to inhibit odor in absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins, children's disposable diapers and adult incontinence absorbent articles, the filling samples were prepared as follows. The non-woven substrates were coated with the antimicrobial compositions of the present invention as described above. A commercially available female tampon (Always Maxi, available from Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH, USA) was obtained and a circular piece 2.54 cm (1 inch) in diameter was sealed off the pad. Circular pieces of 2.54 cm (1 inch) in diameter, too, were sealed off the coated non-woven substrates prepared as described above. Two circular pieces of coated non-woven substrate were then inserted into the circular pieces of the female sanitary pad for odor testing, as described above. For each tested example a piece of coated non-woven substrate was placed approximately at the top (i.e., below the top layer) and approximately at the bottom (i.e., above the bottom layer) of the sealed pad.
Control Examples 1 to 3 and Examples 1 to 14 [00134] Filling samples were prepared and the artificial urine odor test was performed as described above. For these samples, the antimicrobial composition was coated manually on the non-woven substrate. The amount of AS was in the range of 4% by weight to 20% by weight, and the vehicle PEG 3350: AC ratio was 2: 1 or 1: 1. Several samples of the unmodified fillers were also tested as controls. Antimicrobial coating compositions and odor test results are shown in
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Table 1.
Table 1
Example AT(% by weight) PEG3350: reasonB.C Filling weight (grams) Weight of antimicrobial coating o (grams) Odor Check - Artificial Urine Control1 none none not registered 0.0000 strong odor (50 ppm) Control2 none none 0.42 0.0000 strong odor (50 ppm) Control3 none none 0.37 0.0000 strong odor (50 ppm) 1a 4% 2: 1 0.37 0.1130 undetectable odor (0 -5 ppm) 1b 4% 2: 1 0.41 0.1162 barely detectable odor (20 -50 ppm) 2a 6% 2: 1 0.40 0.1184 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 2b 6% 2: 1 0.37 0.1126 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 3rd 8% 2: 1 0.42 0.1584 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 3b 8% 2: 1 0.42 0.1175 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 3c 8% 2: 1 0.41 0.1111 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 3d 8% 2: 1 0.46 0.1534 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 3e 8% 2: 1 0.45 0.1523 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 4th 10% 2: 1 0.43 0.1149 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 4b 10% 2: 1 0.40 0.1015 undetectable odor(0 ppm)
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5th 12% 2: 1 0.45 0.1044 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 5b 12% 2: 1 0.38 0.1174 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 6th 14% 2: 1 0.44 0.1114 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 6b 14% 2: 1 0.37 0.1154 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 7th 16% 2: 1 0.36 0.1171 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 7b 16% 2: 1 0.45 0.1186 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 8th 18% 2: 1 0.44 0.1223 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 8b 18% 2: 1 0.41 0.1140 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 9a 20% 2: 1 0.43 0.1214 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 9b 20% 2: 1 0.44 0.1268 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 10th 6% 1: 1 0.37 0.1048 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 10b 6% 1: 1 0.41 0.1046 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 10c 6% 1: 1 0.43 0.1218 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 10d 6% 1: 1 0.41 0.1133 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 11a 8% 1: 1 0.42 0.1138 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 11b 8% 1: 1 0.40 0.1139 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 11c 8% 1: 1 0.37 0.1144 undetectable odor(0 ppm)
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11d 8% 1: 1 0.37 0.1228 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 12th 10% 1: 1 0.39 0.1041 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 12b 10% 1: 1 0.37 0.1310 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 12c 10% 1: 1 0.41 0.1084 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 12d 10% 1: 1 0.38 0.1156 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 13a 12% 1: 1 0.38 0.1128 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 13b 12% 1: 1 0.42 0.1193 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 13c 12% 1: 1 0.37 0.1149 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 13d 12% 1: 1 0.38 0.1154 undetectable odor(0 ppm) 14 8% 1: 2 0.43 0.1144 undetectable odor(0 ppm)
Control example 4 and Examples 15a to 15c [00135] The filling samples were prepared and the artificial urine test was performed in the same way as in Examples 3a to 3e, described above, except that the antimicrobial composition was applied as a coating on the non-woven substrate using the spray application method described above. A fill sample was also tested as a control. The results are provided in Table 2.
Table 2
Example Filler weight(grams) Antimicrobial coating weight Odor Check - Urineartificial
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⁽ g ^sm) Control4 0.47 none Strong ammonia odor (50 ppm) 15th 0.44 40 gsm undetectable odor (0 ppm) 15b 0.40 40 gsm undetectable odor (0 ppm) 15c 0.46 40 gsm undetectable odor (0 ppm)
Examples 16 to 28 [00136] Antimicrobial coatings were prepared using organic acids in addition to AS. The samples were prepared and the artificial urine odor test was performed as described above. The amount of organic acid was in the range of 8%, by weight, or 20%, by weight, and the ratio of the PEG 3350: CA vehicle was 2: 1 or 1: 1. Antimicrobial coating formulations and odor test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Example Acid type % by weight of acid PEG3350: reasonHERE Filling weight (grams) Weight of the antimicrobial coating o(gsm) Verification ofOdor - artificial urine 16 Citric 8% 1: 1 0.37 49 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 17th Citric 8% 2: 1 0.40 49 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 17b Citric 8% 2: 1 0.41 49 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 18th Citric 12% 1: 1 0.42 49 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 18b Citric 12% 1: 1 0.40 51 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 19 Citric 12% 1: 2 0.43 46 barely detectable odor (20 -
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50 ppm) 20th Adipic 8% 2: 1 0.48 51 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 20b Adipic 8% 2: 1 0.43 51 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 21 Adipic 8% 1: 1 0.42 49 strong detectable odor (50 ppm) 22 Adipic 8% 1: 2 0.37 50 strong detectable odor (50 ppm) 23a 5-ChlorosalicylicO 4% 2: 1 0.44 53 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 23b 5-ChlorosalicylicO 4% 2: 1 0.42 53 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 24a 5-ChlorosalicylicO 6% 2: 1 0.39 51 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 24b 5-ChlorosalicylicO 6% 2: 1 0.34 51 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 25a 5-ChlorosalicylicO 8% 2: 1 0.36 47 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 25b 5-ChlorosalicylicO 8% 2: 1 0.45 47 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 26a Mandelic 8% 2: 1 0.43 50 undetectable odor (0 ppm) 26b Mandelic 8% 2: 1 0.43 50 strong detectable odor (50 ppm)
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27 Mandelic 8% 1: 1 0.43 50 strong detectable odor (50 ppm) 28 Mandelic 8% 1: 2 0.40 49 strong detectable odor (50 ppm)
Examples 29a to 30b [00137] Antimicrobial coatings were prepared using long-chain (C-20 and C-22) fatty alcohols in combination with PEG 3350 as the vehicle, rather than CA. The amount of AS was 8% by weight and the ratio of the PEG 3350: hydrophobic vehicle was 2: 1. Antimicrobial coating formulations and odor test results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Example Hydrophobic vehicle Filling weight (grams) Antimicrobial coating weight (gsm) Odor checking artificial urine 29th cis-13-Docosenol 0.43 47 undetectable odor ⁽⁰ pp ^m) 29b cis-13-Docosenol 0.39 47 undetectable odor ⁽⁰ pp ^m) 30th 1-Eicosanol 0.39 45 undetectable odor ⁽⁰ pp ^m) 30b 1-Eicosanol 0.43 45 undetectable odor ⁽⁰ pp ^m)
Control Examples 5 and 6 and Examples 31a to 32c [00138] An antimicrobial composition identical to that used for Example 3 was prepared and filler samples were prepared as described above.
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These samples were evaluated for odor control performance with the artificial menstruation test described above using 3 mL and 5 mL of inoculum. The results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Example Menstruation amount Filling weight (grams) Weight of antimicrobial coating no (gsm) Odor Verification Artificial contraction Control5 3 mL 0.48 0 Strong unpleasant odor 31a 3 mL 0.44 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control 31b 3 mL 0.47 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control 31c 3 mL 0.43 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control Control6 5 mL 0.42 0 Strong unpleasant odor 32a 5 mL 0.39 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control 32b 5 mL 0.41 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control 32c 5 mL 0.42 50 significantly less unpleasant odor than control
Examples 33 to 36
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54/63 [00139] An antimicrobial composition identical to that used for Example 3 was prepared and filler samples were prepared as described above. The weight of the antimicrobial coating on the non-woven substrates used in the preparation of the filler samples was 10 grams per square meter for Examples 33 and 35 and 50 grams per square meter for Examples 34 and 36. The filler samples were evaluated by antimicrobial activity using the antimicrobial activity test method described above. The test results for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) are given in Table 6. The test results for Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352) are given in Table 7.
Table 6
Example 33 Example 34 Concentration of inoculated bacteria(CFU / ml) 2.0 + 05 2.0 + 05 Growth value (F) 1.91 1.91 Bacteriostatic activity value (S) 5.24 5.73 Bactericidal activity value (L) 3.97 3.97
Table 7
Example 35 Example 36 Concentration of inoculated bacteria(CFU / ml) 2.0 + 05 2.0 + 05 Growth value (F) 2.20 2.20 Bacteriostatic activity value (S) 5.80 5.80 Bactericidal activity value (L) 3.70 3.70
Examples from 37 to 41 [00140] The experiments were carried out with the aim of determining the processability of antimicrobial compositions using an applicator in
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55/63 spray. Compositions like those described above for Example 3 were prepared, except that several molecular weights of the PEG component of the following formula were evaluated (8000 or 8K; 12000 or 12K) or small amounts of higher molecular weight PEG (400000 or 400K) were evaluated added to the formula. The evaluated compositions are provided in Table 8. Viscosity measurements were obtained for the compositions using the viscosity test described above. The results are provided in Table 9.
Table 8
Example AS (% by weight) CA (% by weight) PEG 3350 (wt%) PEG of400K(% by weight) 8K PEG (% by weight) PEG of12K (% by weight) 37 8 31 60.5 0.5 0 0 38 8 31 60 1 0 0 39 8 31 59 2 0 0 40 8 31 0 0 61 0 41 8 31 0 0 0 61
Table 9
Example Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity O @ 50 ^O C @ 60 ^O C @ 70 ^O C @ 80 ^O C @ 90 ^O C e @ 100 ^O C 37 359.0 217.3 145.9 116.6 96.1 77.6 38 568.9 386.4 265.3 206.5 162.8 130.7 39 1450 1132 893.8 726.9 604.6 514.8 40 588.7 432.9 322.6 248.1 196 159.3 41 1948 1415 1029 771.7 595.5 470.2
[00141] The ability of the compositions to be sprayed on a non-woven substrate was examined using the application procedure by
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56/63 spray described above. It was observed that the processability was improved as the viscosity increased. The higher viscosity compositions allowed the formation of cohesive fibers, which improved the ability to be sprayed on a substrate. The static pressure in the matrix cavity was also improved with the higher viscosity compositions, which produced a uniform coating on all nozzles. Conversely, compositions with lower viscosity produced droplets that tended to aerosolize or contaminate the surrounding area. The compounds with lower viscosity also failed to provide back pressure in the matrix, which directed the liquid to follow the path of least resistance through the matrix and on the substrate, which produced irregular coatings on the substrate.
Examples 42 to 44 [00142] In the Examples below, the release rate of the antimicrobial agent, salicylic acid, was studied. 7.6 cm (3 ”) circles were cut from the center of a 10.2 cm x 15.2 cm (4” x6 ”) Wypall L30 with a coating of 50 grams per square meter of the indicated compositions. The original amount of salicylic acid in the samples was 0.0182 g ._____________________
Sample Cetyl alcohol(%) CARBOWAX 8000 (%) Salicylic acid (%) 42 92 0 8 43 46 46 8 44 0 92 8
[00143] The samples placed in a cylindrical glass container containing 75 g of distilled water. After five minute increments, the coated samples were removed and the water was titrated with 0.1 N NaOH with a phenolphthalein indicator to determine the amount of salicylic acid in solution. At
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57/63 samples were transferred every 5 minutes in 75 g of fresh deionized water for a total of 5 specimens. The results are shown in table 10
Table 10
Example 42 43 44 Composition THE B Ç Time (min) Salicylic acid (mg) 5 3.52 9.32 12.43 10 4.07 4.49 4.83 15 2.76 3.11 1.38 20 2.07 1.38 0.35 25 1.04 0.69 0.69 30 0.69 0.69 0.69 coating weight (gsm) 39 50 53 Total amount of AS 17.95 22.86 24.17
[00144] 20% salicylic acid in 92% of the cetyl alcohol composition is released in the first five minutes. 51% salicylic acid in 92% of the PEG 3350 composition of cetyl alcohol is released within the first five minutes. For a coating of 50 gsm and 1% and 20% AS, a release of 0.6 to 19 mg / min could be obtained.
Example 45 [002] The performance of a disposable article, containing a color change indicator and an antimicrobial composition applied as a coating on a non-woven sheet, was evaluated. A small strip of pH color indicator paper (available from EMD Chemicals, Gibbstown, NJ, USA, under the trade name “COLORpHAST pH 4.0-7.0”) was used as a color change indicator. A small piece of a non-woven sheet (Wypall L30 fabric) coated in 50 gsm with an antimicrobial composition containing AS (8%
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58/63 by weight) and PEG vehicle (PM = 8000): AC (ratio of 2: 1% by weight) was inserted between the absorbent core and the distribution and capture layer (ADL) of an absorbent for feminine hygiene ( available from Kimberly Clark Corporation, Dallas, Tx, under the trade name “KOTEX OVERNIGHT MAXI WITH WINGS”). A small strip of pH color indicator paper was placed directly on top of the inserted non-woven sheet (ie, placed between the coated non-woven sheet and ADL). As with the coated sheet, an uncoated piece of the nonwoven sheet with a strip of pH color indicator paper placed on top was inserted in separate places in the filling. The uncoated sheet served as an experimental control.
[001] Water was applied to the top layer of the filler in an amount sufficient to saturate the areas of the filler where the pH color indicator strips were located. A minimum amount of manual pressure was applied to the top layer of the filler to distribute the liquid and simulate the compaction that occurs during use. After a few minutes, the pH color indicator paper located above the fabric coated with the antimicrobial composition was changed from green to an orange color. The pH color indicator paper located above the uncoated fabric maintained its original green color. The color change was clearly visible when viewed through the top layer of the filler and provided a positive indication that the AS component of the antimicrobial composition was released in the applied fluid.
[002] The same color change results were seen in a configuration where an additional piece of uncoated fabric was placed between the coated fabric and the pH color indicator paper.
[003] The invention is further represented by the following modalities.
1. An antimicrobial composition comprising:
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a) a vehicle comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer and
b) an antimicrobial agent.
2. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 1 having a melting point of 50 ° C or more.
3. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 1 or 2, the antimicrobial agent being an organic antimicrobial acid selected from α- and β-hydroxy acids.
4. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 3, the antimicrobial acid being selected from benzoic acids and hydroxy benzoic acids.
5. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous embodiments, comprising from 1 to 20%, by weight, of the antimicrobial agent, in relation to the total weight of the composition.
6. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 3, with α-hydroxy acid being selected from lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxy butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy butanoic acid, mandelic acid, glyconic acid , glycolic acid, tartaric acid, alpha-hydroxy ethanoic acid, ascorbic acid, alpha-hydroxy-octanoic acid, caprylic hydroxy acid and salicylic acid.
7. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 3, with β-hydroxy acid being selected from salicylic acid, beta-hydroxy butanoic acid, tropic acid and tretochanic acid.
8. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the foregoing embodiments, additionally comprising a surfactant.
9. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, the poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer being a poly (ethylene-oxide) polymer.
10. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the
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11. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, being that fatty alcohol is a fatty alcohol C14-C22.
12. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, with fatty alcohol having a melting point of at least 50 ° C.
13. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, comprising:
(a) 80 to 99%, by weight, of a vehicle comprising a fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, wherein the fatty alcohol comprises at least 10%, by weight, of the vehicle; and
b) 1 to 20%, by weight, of an antimicrobial agent, based on the total weight of the composition.
14. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 13, comprising:
a) 90 to 95%, by weight, of a hydrophilic vehicle comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, wherein the fatty alcohol comprises at least 20%, by weight, of the hydrophilic vehicle; and
b) 5 to 10%, by weight, of an antimicrobial agent, based on the total weight of the composition.
15. The composition according to any of the previous modalities, being that it is a homogeneous solution at temperatures above the melting temperature.
16. The composition according to any of the previous modalities, comprising less than 1% by weight of fatty alcohol esters.
17. The composition according to any of modalities 1 to 3 and 6,
Petition 870180131024, of 9/17/2018, p. 70/81
61/63 and 8 to 16, with antimicrobial acid being an alpha hydroxy acid with the following formula:
R ²
R ¹ --CO ₂ H
OH where R ¹ and R ² are each independently H or a C1-C8 alkyl group, a C6-C12 aryl, or a C6-C12 aralkyl or alkaryl group.
18. The composition according to any of modalities 1 to 3 and 4, and 7 to 16, with antimicrobial acid having the formulas:
where: R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently H or a C1C8 alkyl group, C6-C12 aryl or C6-C12 aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R ⁶ is H, (C1-C4) alkyl or a halogen.
19. The composition according to any of the previous modalities, the antimicrobial agent being an antimicrobial acid with the following formula:
R ⁷ -CR ⁸ 2-COOH where: R ⁷ and R ⁸ are each independently H or a C1-C4 alkyl group, a C6-C12 aryl group, a C6-C12 group containing both aryl and alkyl groups and R ⁷ and R ⁸ can optionally be substituted with one or more carboxylic acid groups.
20. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, the vehicle being hydrophilic.
21. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, the antimicrobial agent being selected from phenolic compounds.
22. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the
Petition 870180131024, of 9/17/2018, p. 71/81
62/63 previous modalities, the antimicrobial agent being selected from biguanide compounds.
23. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities, and the rate of release of the antimicrobial agent in an aqueous solution can be varied by varying the ratio of fatty alcohol and poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer.
24. A disposable absorbent article comprising a coating of the antimicrobial composition of any of the above embodiments on a surface of the disposable article.
25. The disposable absorbent article according to embodiment 24, comprising an upper layer, a lower layer joined to the upper layer, an absorbent material disposed between the upper layer and the lower layer and a coating of the antimicrobial composition disposed on at least one surface the top layer, the bottom layer, the absorbent material or other component surface of the disposable article.
26. The disposable absorbent article according to any of the previous modalities 24 to 25, the disposable absorbent article being a woven, non-woven or knitted handkerchief.
27. The disposable absorbent article according to any of the previous modalities 24 to 25, the disposable absorbent article being selected from disposable baby diapers, sanitary napkins, daily protectors and tampons, adult incontinence products, wipes for adults personal care, wound coverings, bandages and wipes for household cleaning.
28. The disposable absorbent article according to any of the above embodiments 24 to 27, the coating weight of the antimicrobial composition being 0.5 to 25 g / square meter.
Petition 870180131024, of 9/17/2018, p. 72/81
63/63
29. The disposable absorbent article according to any of the previous modalities 24 to 28, the antimicrobial composition being applied from the melted material.
30. The disposable absorbent article according to modality 29, with a melt viscosity of 100 to 3000 centipoise.
31. The antimicrobial composition according to any of the previous modalities 1 to 23, additionally comprising a visual indicator.
32. The antimicrobial composition according to modality 31, the visual indicator being an indicator of humidity.
33. The disposable article according to any of the previous modalities from 24 to 30, additionally comprising a visual indicator.
34. A method for making a disposable article that has an antimicrobial coating, comprising the steps of providing a disposable article and coating the antimicrobial composition of any of embodiments 1 to 23 on at least one surface of the disposable article.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1]
1. Disposable absorbent article CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises a coating of an antimicrobial composition disposed on a surface within the disposable absorbent article, in which the antimicrobial composition comprises:
a) a vehicle comprising fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, and
b) from 5 to 20% by weight of an antimicrobial agent consisting of antimicrobial acid selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxy acid and beta-hydroxy acid, based on the total weight of the antimicrobial composition.
[2]
2. Disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the antimicrobial composition has a melting point of 50 ° C or more.
[3]
3. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises:
a) 90 to 95% by weight of the vehicle comprising a fatty alcohol and a poly (alkyleneoxy) polymer, wherein the fatty alcohol comprises at least 10% by weight of the vehicle.
[4]
4. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises less than 1% by weight of fatty alcohol esters.
[5]
5. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that antimicrobial acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid with the following formula:
R ²
R ¹ --CO ₂ H
OH where R ¹ and R ² are each independently H or a C1-C8 group
Petition 870190011080, of 02/01/2019, p. 8/9
2/2 alkyl, a C6-C12 aryl, or a C6-C12 aralkyl or alkaryl group.
[6]
6. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that antimicrobial acid is a beta-hydroxy acid of the formulas:
wherein: R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are each independently H or a C1C8 alkyl group, C6-C12 aryl or C6-C12 aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R ⁶ is H, (C1-C4) alkyl or a halogen.
[7]
7. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the coating weight of the antimicrobial composition is 0.5 to 25 g / square meter.
[8]
8. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the article is a feminine hygiene article.
[9]
9. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it additionally comprises a visual indicator.
[10]
10. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the disposable absorbent article is selected from disposable infant diapers, adult incontinence products, personal care wipes, wound dressings, bandages and wipes care of the house.
[11]
11. Disposable absorbent article, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the antimicrobial composition has a water release rate ranging from 0.1 to 50 mg / minute.
[12]
12. Disposable absorbent article according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the antimicrobial acid is beta-hydroxy acid.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN103118712A|2013-05-22|

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MX2013002840A|2013-05-30|

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BR112013006086A2|2016-06-14|

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EP2616106A1|2013-07-24|

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JP2013540000A|2013-10-31|

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KR20130137630A|2013-12-17|

---

JP6389202B2|2018-09-12|

---

TW201216931A|2012-05-01|

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US20120070480A1|2012-03-22|

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CN103118712B|2016-05-25|

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KR101896128B1|2018-09-07|

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WO2012037065A1|2012-03-22|

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JP2016165485A|2016-09-15|

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EP2616106B1|2017-12-06|

---

PL2616106T3|2018-04-30|

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法律状态:
2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

---

2018-07-17| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

---

2018-11-06| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-04-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-06-18| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 13/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 13/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

---

US12/884,341|US20120070480A1|2010-09-17|2010-09-17|Antimicrobial disposable absorbent articles|

---

US12/884,341|2010-09-17|

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PCT/US2011/051303|WO2012037065A1|2010-09-17|2011-09-13|Antimicrobial disposable absorbent articles|

---